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De Rays Expedition
The Third de Rays Expedition, or simply the de Rays Expedition, was the third New Guinea expedition of Marquis de Rays, a French nobleman who attempted to start a colony in the South Pacific. The expedition attempted to establish a colony in a place the marquis called ''La Nouvelle France'',〔 or New France, which was the island now referred to as New Ireland〔 in the Bismarck Archipelago of present-day Papua New Guinea.〔 Three hundred and forty〔〔 Italian colonists aboard the ship ''India'' set sail from Barcelona in 1880〔 for this new land, seeking relief from the poor conditions in Italy at that time.〔 One hundred and twenty-three colonists died before being rescued by Australian authorities. The marquis is widely believed to have deliberately misled the colonists, distributing literature claiming a bustling settlement existed at Port Breton,〔 near present-day Kavieng, which had numerous public buildings, wide roads, and rich, arable land.〔
==The Paradise of New France==
In 1879, advertising was distributed widely throughout Europe by the Marquis telling of a paradise empire called New France. The advertising was cleverly worded and described the capital, Port Breton,〔 as a bustling new colony which had been successfully colonised by two prior expeditions. The advertising described majestic public buildings and a beautiful climate, similar to that of the French Riviera. There were also reports of great wide roads and arable farmland.〔
Three hundred and forty colonists from Veneto in Italy〔 joined the expedition, and each paid the marquis 1,800 francs in gold or were allowed the option to offer their services in labour for five years.〔 For this trade they were offered twenty hectares of land and a four-room house,〔 as well as transport to the new colony and rations amounting to six months for those who paid in gold, and five years for those who offered their labour.〔 The marquis received over seven million francs for his four ill-fated expeditions.〔
The governments of both France and Italy claimed the expedition was a scam, and announced they would not allow the voyage to take place, citing the safety of the Italians.〔 The Royal Investigation Bureau in Milan went as far as to order a directive that no Italian involved in the expedition would be issued a passport for travel. Many colonists did not believe the authorities, and De Rays organised the voyage to depart from Barcelona, Spain, to avoid confrontation with the French and Italian authorities.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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